Signaling system



Sept. 27, 1932.'A

MLgHANLEY SIGNAL'ING SYSTEM' Filed Dec. 29,- 1928' 2 Sheets-Sheec @www Sept. 27, 1932.

M. HANLEY SIGNALING SYSTEM Filed Dec. 29, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Sept. 27, 1932 MICHAEL HANLEY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SIG-NALING SYSTEM Application filed December 29, 1928.

This invention relates tosignaling systems and apparatus, more particularly to such systems as are used for tire alarm and police box systems, and the principal object of the invention is to provide improvements Which i reduce the possibility of failure of the system,

in case the line circuit becomes faulty.

The preferred form of re alarm and police box systems employ a single Wire circuit extending outward from a central otice through .a plurality of alarm boxes and thence back to the central oiice. A relay and a source ofelectromotive force are included in this circuit in the central oiiice, that relay being normally maintained energized over the closed 'line circuit through the boxes. When abox is pulled to turn in a report or an alarm, the line circuit is interrupted by the mechanism in the box a plurality of times to transmit a code to the central oice indicating the designation of the box which Was pulled.

Each interruption of the line circuit opensy the circuit of the central oiice relay, permitting it to fall back during the period that the line circuit is open. The deenergization of the line circuit relay operates a printing recorder or a telegraph sounder, or both, to apprise the central otiice attendants of the operation of the box. Y

In the orthodox system of this kind, the breaking of a line Wire or the short circuiting of the line circuit or part of the line circuit puts the circuit or the shorted part of it out of commission, until such trouble can be repaired.

In my present invention, I have modified A the circuits and the equipment of such orthodox systems by providing an additional relay at the central otiice Which is normally deenergized, that is, adapted to Work on a so-called open circuit. I have also pro-vided additional contacts at the pull boxes Which under certain conditions Will apply ground to the line circuit. n 'lhis ground completes a circuit. through the `open circuit relay to op- Serial No. 329,175.

erate that relay to register *thev 'code being' transmitted at the time. 'Ilieclosed circuit relay of the usual orthodox system functions in the same manner as in the circuit that has been in use heretofore. rIhese modifications add reliability to the system by permitting r the transmissionof signals over the circuit When that circuit contains a combination of faults. With the improved circuit disclosed herein, I am able to transmit signals ysatisfactorily, even though the line be open,vv

grounded, open and grounded, or a loop. portion of it be sho-rt circuited, or With various combinations of such faults as Will be best understood from a reading' of the detailed description and claims whichv follow. In

fact with my nevvrsystem, a box remains in cuit of the box so that two of these four rounds transmit signals over an open Wire circuit `extending from ground at the box service until the line leading toand from the equipment so that one or the other of the line relays Will receive a` signal transmitted from the box, even thoughany one of a large variety of combinations of faultsy exist upon the linecircuit 'f The details ofthe pull box perse are cov ered in my copending application Serial No. 450,382, filed May 7, 1930, as a division of the instant'application. Reference to that application is here made for those details.

Vnormally closed line circuit.

In the dra-wings, I have shown suflicient apparatus and details to enable one skilled in the art to acquaint himself with the preferred form of my invention.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows by the usual symbols the circuit involved in the preferred embodiment of my invention;

Figure 2 is a plan view of the pull box mechanism -showing the spring assemblies, cams, and levers employed to control the circuits of the "preferred embodiment of my invention; and

Figure 3 is a plan view of a pull box mechanism, showing a modiiied form of the spring assembly, which maybe employed in the circuit shown in Figure 1. 1 n l Referring to VFigure 1, now, more in detail, I show at the left oi the dotted line that equipment which is located in the central s oiice, and tothe right of the dotted line show aline circuit including the pull boxes 30 to 36, inclusive, with the box 34, shown in detail. It is tobe understood that the line circuit is not 'shown in full and that many more boxes may be added to it, if desired.

The equipment at the Vcentral oflice. comprises theclosed circuit relay 1, which in the normal operation of the system is maintained lenergized by current from the battery 2O flowing through the relay and the rlfhe circuit through the line, battery and relay 1 is controlled by the switch 8, which is normally thrown in the position shown in the drawings. With the relay in its energized position, the circuit through its contacts 17, 18 and 19 is arranged by the key 7, so that the circuit of the printing recorder 3 is closed by the con- 40 V tacts 17 and 19, when the relay is deenergized.

The central oiiice equipment also comprises the open circuit relay 2, which is normally deenergized and is energized only when a'box Pulling of the box` on the line is pulled. Y closes a circuit roml ground at the box through the battery 21, the relay 2, the switch 5, pilot lamp 10, and the resistance 11, to

ground. The contacts 14, 15, and 16, controlled by the relay 2, are arranged by the key 6, so that contacts 14 and16 close the circuit of the printing recorder 3, when the relay 2 is energized.

The kprinting recorder 3 may be any preferred type of telegraph recorder or pen register adapted to make a printed record of series of impulses delivered to its operating magnet. y

The key 9 normally connects the printing recorder 3 to the circuits controlled by the contacts of the relays 1 and 2, the key being operated to disconnect the recorder 3 andl to substitute the signal 4 in this circuit. The signal- 4`may be a telegraph sounder, a bell,

buzzer or any preferred form of Vaudible signal.

- code wheel'spring set.

Referring, now, to the circuit details of the pull box 34, it will be noted that the line circuit normally extends through the box, that circuit including the segment controlled switch 61. When the box isV pulled, the switch 61 is opened and the circuit maintained closed through the springs 44, 46 and 45, those springs being incorporated in the assembly controlled by the code wheel 40.

Vhen the box is pulled, the lever' 50 moves to the right, out of engagement with the cam 51, and the spring tension of springs 53 and 54 move the cam upward by applying tension to the bushings 52. This closes contacts 56, 53 and 57, and contacts 54 and 55. Contacts 54 and 55 are connected in multiple with the contacts 44, 45 and 46, so that the line circuit is maintained complete through the call box,independent of the action of the code wheel, as long as thelever 50 is out of engagement with the cam 51 and the spring set controlled thereby is closed.

The operation of' the camV 51 closes the springs 53, 56, and`57, extending a circuit from ground 60 to the springs 42 and 43 of the By this arrangement, when the bushing 41 rides over a tooth on Vthe code wheel 40 and presses springs 42, 43 and 46 downward, a circuit is closed from ground momentarily apply ground to the line circuit. 'Ihe operation of spring 46 opens contacts 44 and 45, but this operation is without eii'ect, at this time, because those contacts are shunted by thecontacts 54 and 55 of the cam spring assembly.

By referring to Figure 2, it will be seen that I have attached the lever 50 to the shaft which'carries the segment 102 of the pull box mechanism. When the box ispulled, a

lever projecting through the'box casing is moved downward to move the lever 100 in a counter-clockwise direction. A This moves the segment 102 downward, tensions the spring 101 and moves the lever 50 to the right.

The' operation of the segment 102 to its lowermost position does notmove the code wheel 40. When the lever-attached to lever 100 is released, the tension; put in the spring 101 moves the segment upward. The speed at which the segment moves upward is controlled by the clockwork mechanism and governor, and the code wheel 40 is rota-ted in a counter-clockwise direction, as shown by the arrow. During the movementof the segment 102 -from its lowermost to its uppermost position, the code wheel 40 makes four complete revolutions.

The lever 50 is arranged on the shaft of the segment, so that it is out of engagement with the cam 51, duri-ngthe first two of the four revolutions of the code wheel 40. That is, the springs 53 to 57, inclusive, controlled by the'cam 51 and lever 50 arev closed'only revolution.v By this arrangement, which is standard practice in systems of this kind, the code indicating the box is transmitted four times, each time the box is pulled.

Referring, now,'t0 Figure 1, again, it will be noted that when the code wheel 40 makes the lirst two of its tour revolutions, responsive to the pulling of the'box, the code is transmitted by impulses of ground placed on the line through springs 53, 56, 57, 42,44, and 43, and that the opening of the line circuit by spring 46 is nullied by springs 54 and 55.`

VDuring the last two revolutions of the code wheel, the lever 50is again in engagement with the cam 51, and springs: 53 to' 57, inclusive, are opened `bythe downward movement of the cani 51 and bushing 52. This removes the ground connection from the line, and makes the interrupting ot the line circuit by the springs 44, 45 and 46 effective to con-v trol the relay 1 at the central silice.V Thus, it will 4be, seen that, in the normal operation of the system disclosed in, Figure l, the code signal is Vtransmitted by the pulling of the box, rst by impulses of ground over the line, and second by interruption of the normally closed series line circuit.

When the bushing 41 is moved downward over a tooth of the code wheel 40, during the first two revolutions of the codewheel, a circuit is' closed` from ground 60 through spring 53 and spring 56, springs 42 and 44, to the line -circuitextending from the box 34 through boxes 30 to .33, inclusive', through the winding ot the relay 1 and thev battery 20, the switch 8, battery 21, relay 2, switch 5, lamp 10, resistance 11, to ground. A parallel circuit is closed from ground through springs 53 and 57, springs 43 and 45, through the line extending -to the right of the box 34, through the boxes 35 and 36, through the battery 2l, the relay 2,'the key 5, lamp l0, and resistance 11, to ground. It the line circuit is broken to the lett of the box 34, the iirst of these parallel circuits will not be closed, but the second will be closed and the relay 2 will be energized thereover. Conversely, it the line is broken to the right of the box 34, the second circuit will not be closed, but the first one will and the relay will be operated thereover.

The pilot lamp 1() lights over this circuit to apprise the dispatcher that the signal then being'received is coming in over the open circuit relay. The resistance 11 is included in the circuit to limit the current owing through the lamp and relay, so that that current will not beexcessive when a box close to the otlice is pulled. i I

i The energiza'tion ot relay 2 closes a circuit through springs 14`and 16, the key 6, battery 13, left hand contacts of key 9, the printing recorder 3, right hand contacts of key 9, back tothe spring 14, energizing the magnetfof .7

the recorder 3. The relay 2 falls back when the bushing 41 drops` over the tooth of the code wheel 40 and opens the springs 42 and 43, to open at springs 14 and 16 the circuit of the printing recorder to terminate the impulse recorded thereby. This `circuit is closed a number of times, depending upon the num-` ber of teeth in the particular box 34 that number of teeth being varied with each box on the line, to cause it to transmit a code'individual to the box. ln this manner, 'the lirst two rounds of the code wheel 40 are recorded by the recorder 3 und-er the control of the relay 2.

During the last two rounds of the code wheel 40, the `shunt aroundv springs 45 and 46 is removed by the action ot the cam 51 and the ground connection is removed from the springs 42 and 43, by the same action. llhe normally closed circuit through the relay 1 is, therefore, interrupted by the springs 44, 45, and 46, to permit that relay to tall back each time the bushing 41 rides over a tooth on the cod-e wheel. The deenergization or" the relay 1v closes a circuit from the battery 13 through the'key 7, springs 17 and l9,ithrough the right hand contacts of the key 9, through the printing recorder, through theleft hand contacts of the key 9 to the battery 13.

The impulses sent out by the code wheel are, therefore, recorded on the recorder under the control of the contacts of the relay 1, this record being repeated twice as the code wheel makes its last two revolutions. y 1

If the line circuit should become grounded at a single point located on the right hand side of the box 34, as at B, relay 1 will 'receive direct ground on one of its terminals through boxes 30-34. rlhe battery 20 will be directly grounded through the switch 8 and boxes 36, 35, by the ground at B. Under these circumstances the operation of theV code wheel 40 will still open the circuit ot the relay 1, permitting a closed loop transmission of the signal from the box 34. Boxes 30-33 lo-l cated between box 34 and relay 1 are likewise capable of transmitting signals under these conditions. Boxes 35 and Y 36., and others which are located in the line between B and the relay 2 are shun'ted by the ground at B and the permanent ground at relay 2, and are 'open the Vcircuit otrelay 2, which extends from ground through resistance '11, lamp 10,

switch 5, relay 2, battery 21, to ground at B,

rela-y 2 does not fall back, since it receives current over a parallel circuit traceable from ground through resistance 11, lamp 10, switch 5, relay 2, battery 21, switch 8, battery 20, relay 1, and boxes 30-34 to ground at B.

' VRelay 2 becomes permanently energized from the ground at B over these parallel circuits and causes the recorder 3 to be operated continuously, thereby attracting attention to the fault. The attendant then throws key 6 into its alternate position to convert relay 2 from an open circuit relay-into a closed circuit relay, and throws key 8 into its alternate positionV to convert the syst-em into two separate lines, both operating closed circuitrelays at the central station. Line 1` extends from ground, through the resistance 12, key 8, battery 20, relay l and boxes 30-34 inclusive to ground at the fault B, and-line 2 extends from groundthrough resistance 11, lamp 10, switch 5, relay 2, battery 21, and boxes 35-36, to ground at fault B. Both lines are capable of transmitting the usual closed line signals during the last two of their'four Vrevolutions when pulled, and allv of the boxes on the lines are in service. A ground at some other point on the main line instead oit at B acts to transter boxes from line 1 to line 2 and vice versa,

the operation of course being as above described.

It the line circuit is broken, the relay 1 falls back and remains back permanently and, of course, the transmission of signals by it is impossible until the central otice equipment is rearranged by an operation of the keys 6,7, or 8. v

Assume that the line breaks at the point AB between the pull box 34: and the pull box 35. The relay 1 will fall back, permanently closing the circuit to theprinting recorder to cause that recorderfto run continuously,.to thereby attract the central station attend'ants attention to the trouble. The attendant will then throw the key 7 to its opposite position, changingv relay 1 from a closed cricuit relay to an open circuit relay by altering the'circuit through the springs controlled by the relay. l/Vith the break at this point, the box 34 will still transmit a signal during the tirst two rounds of the code wheel overV a circuit fro1n`ground-6O in the box itself, through the previously traced circuit through the box to the line extending through the boxes 30 to .33, inclusive, through the relay l and the battery A20, the key 8, battery 21 and the relay2, thence over the previously traced circuit to ground. l

Both relays l and 2 can be operated by the impulses, as open circuit relays to operate the register to record the signal transmitted by the box 34. Y Y

Assuming that the break between boxes 34 and 35 grounds the line on the end of the break adjacent to the box 34, as shown at B in Figure 1w'igth the opposite end of the break open and clear, as shown at A, the relay 1 will be energized as before over a circuit from gro-und at B, through boxes 30-34, relay 1, battery 20, key 8, battery 21, relay 2, key `5, lamp `10, resistance 11, to

ground. The relay 2 will also be energized over this circuit, and since the controlling key 6 of this relay is set to'make it an open circuit relay, its energization will cause the recorder 3 to run continuously and thereby attract the attendants attention. The centra-l ofice attendant, willv then operate key 6 to change lrelay 2 from an open circuit relay to a closed circuit relay. This leaves the recorder under the control of relays 1 and 2 both operating as closed circuit relays, and also leaves boxes 35 and 36 out of service. This condition necessitates splitting the line into two sections, one an open circuit line and the other a closed circuit line, so-that all ofthe boxes will be in service. This splitting of the line is accomplished by an operation of key 8. vThe operation of key 8 against its uppermost contact willl complete a circuit from ground through resistance 12 and-the key 8, through the battery 20 and the relay 1, out over the line through boxes 30 to 34, inclusive, to ground at the point of trouble B. The resist-ance 12in this circuit aids in limiting the current to a value consistent'with the safe operation of the system. `This recouverts .the relay 1 to a closed circuit relay, sot-hat the key 7 is retained.

v'in the position shown in the drawings, and

the system is then in readiness for operation. The operation of key 8 causes relay 2 to be deenergized and key 6 is therefore restored to the position shown in the drawings, to render relay 2 an open circuit relay again. The system is now set with the line circuit split so that boxes 30-34 are on a closed circuit line terminating at B, and boxes 35 and 36 are on an open circuit line terminating at A. Boxes 30 to 34 will transmit no signalsduringthe first two revolutions of their respective code wheels, due to the grounded condition of the line through them. The-,same boxes will transmit two codes during the last two rounds of their respective code wheels, opening the closed circuit of the relayl in the usual manner.

Signals trom boxes 35eand 36 and the other boxes on that side of the line which remains Y clear will transmit-signals during the first two revolutions of their respective code wheels and will not transmit signals during the last two revolutions of the code Wheel.

It the break at the-point AB grounds on both sidesof the break, that is, at point A and B, relay 2 becomes energized permanently and the recorder is run continuously by the circuit closed through the vcontacts 14, 15. Thepilotlamp 10 burns, also, to indicate tocthe attendant that the circuit 'through relay 2 is completed. The attendant then throws the key 6 in an upward direction, converting the relay 2 from an open circuit relay to a closed circuit relay, and reports are receivedv from boxes 35 and 36 over a closed circuit extending from ground at the pointof troubleV A toground at the central office through relay 2. The switch 8 is also operated as above explained and the line is then operating as two lines, each extending from ground at the central oiice to ground at the point of trouble.

Boxes 32 and 33 are represented as being upon a loop in the main line. If this loop should become shorted, as indicated at C, boxes 32 and 33 would transmit code signals during the first two revolutions of their respective code wheels. The other boxes on the system would operate in the normal manner, that is, transmit two codes of grounded impulses .and two codes of closed circuit impulses. Ifthe loop is grounded as well as shorted at C, boxes 32 and 33 are thrown out of service, but theremainder of the boxes can be made to operate during the last two rounds over a closed circuit. The key 8 is again operated to split the line into two sec- Y tions, in this case boxes and 31 beingon one section with the relay land boxes 34-36 on the other section with the relay 2.

From the foregoing description, it is apparent that the circuits shown in' Figure 1 are flexible enough vto permit the receiving of signals at the central ofce even though the line be faulty, by reason of a combination Vof troubles. Taking the box 34, for example, theronly condition that completely puts this box out of Vservice is the breaking of the lineat both sides of the-box, or the grounding of the line at both sides ofthe box, as for example, at points B and C; Even with this peculiar combination rof troubles, the box 34 is the'only boxon the system that is out of service.

In Figure 3, I have shown a modified arrangement ofithe pull box mechanism. In-

stead of providing theV segment shaft with the lever 50, as in the preferred form shown in Figure 2, I have placed thev insulatingl bushing 103 at the lowermost section .of the segment 102. Disposed around the periphery of the housing Vof the `mechanism areQthe springs 53, 56, 57, 54 and 55, which springs 53 and 54 lie in such a position as to be engaged by the bushing 103, whenthe segment isin its lowermo-st position. rIhis operates the springs over against their associated springs to close the contacts as before, contacts 54 and 55 being in multiple with the "contacts 44, 45 and 45, as before, and contacts 53, 56 and 57 placing ground upon contacts 42 and 43, as before. The bushing 103 engages the springs during the first two rounds of the code wheel 40, and moves away from them at the completion of the second round, as before. The circuits and operation of the system arel the same vas before, and need not -be repeated in detail at this time.

While I have shown'the keys 6, 7, 8 and 9 as a particular type of key, obviously any suitable switch or key may be substituted for the type shown. Also, I am not to be limited by a@ specie@ deans of ai@ ma Vand pull box mechanisms shown, as these arrangements may be modified greatly without departing from the teachings of my invention. Y

I-Iaving thus complied with the statutes and shown and described a preferred embodimentof my invention, what I consider new and desire to have protected by Letters Patent is pointed out in the appended claims.

I claim: 1. In an alarm system, a line circuit extending through a plurality of pull boxes in series, a relay and a source of potential in series with said line, a second relay and a second potential source bridged off of said line to ground, a ground connection at each of said boxes, means operated when said box, is y pulled for closing and opening saidground connection 'to said line to complete and break a circuit over parallel branches of the Vline to said second relay, to operate the` same said means then opening and closing the series circuit of said first relay a like plurality of times to operate the same said means thereby transmitting independent but identical codes indicating the box that was pulled,

and a recording means controlled sequentially by said relays to record said codes.

`2. In an alarm system, the combination' with an alarm circuit having a relay in series with the line conductors and a second relay in multiple therewith to ground, of a pull box containing a normally closed link in said series circuit anda normally open ylink in said multiple circuit, means for momentarily 1 opening said'first link and for momentarily extending said second linky to said first link in accordance with a particular code and means for shunting said first link openingV other contacts normally disengaged from 1 said line circuit, a code wheel for operating ysaid contacts to open said serial contacts and to engage said normally disengaged contacts with the line circuit, and means for revolving the code wheel through four revolutions when the box is pulled, of a cam in the box, springs actuated thereby to short circuit said serially connected contacts during two revolutions of the code wheel and to' extend a ground circuit to said normally disengaged contacts in said spring set to close said ground circuit to the line circuit during the intervals that the normally disengaged contacts are engaged therewith, and meansl actuated over said superimposed ground circuit to record said signal during saidtvvo revolutions of the code Wheel. .Y

4t. In an alarm system, a normally closed line circuit extending through a plurality of pull boxes in series, a relay vand a potential source in series With said line, a second re- `lay anda second potential source bridged off otsaid line to ground, and means in said pull boxes operated When the box is pulled to extend a connection from ground to said yline a plurality of times to close a circuit for said second relay and thereby form and transmit a code of ground impulses indicative of that box over said line to operate said second relay, said means transmitting said code completely a plurality of times, said means then removing said ground connectionV and momentarily opening said normally closed line circuita plurality of times to form and transmit acomplete code of series circuit impulses Which operate said first relay. f

5. In an alarm system, a normally closed line circuit extending through a plurality of pull boxes in series, a relay and a potential source in series with said line, a second relay and a second potential source bridged ott' of said line to ground, means Vin said pull boxes for generating codes of impulses indicative of the box by opening and closing said line circuit once for each impulse, said means bea ving operated each time the box is pulled to generate a plurality of complete codes, a

vground connectiony ineach box, shunt means operated each time the box is pulled to shunt said line opening means during a portionk of the plurality of codes, means operated simultaneously With said shunt means for extending said ground connection to said line f only during the part of eachk impulse that said code means has the line open to thereby transmit'the codev over a grounded circuit to operate said second relay, said last means opening said ground connection and said shunt means opening said shunt during the remaining portion of said plurality of codes to cause the opening of -the line circuit by said code means to operate said iirst relay, anda single recording means controlled by each of said relays to record to said codes of impulses.

6. In an alarm system, a normallyV closed line circuit extending through a plurality of. pull boxes in series, a normally operated relay and a potential source in series With Y of said plurality of operations to thereby completea circuit'for said second relay over parallel sections of. said line `to ground to voperateftlie relay,said means also rendering the code transmitting means ineectiveto open the closed line circuit, said cooperating lmeans removing said -ground from the code transmitting means and rendering saidk latter means eiective to open said normally closed circuit a number of times to thereby `restore saidiirst relay momentarily a num- *7,5

ber of times during a part of said plurality o" operations of said code transmitting means,

and a recording means operated irst by said second relay and then byv said first relay to record the; plurality of code signals'trans-"SC mitted.

7 In a signaling system, a normally closed line circuit extending serially through a plurality of pull boxes, a normally operated relay, a potential source, and a 'switch in- "85 cludedin said line circuit, a ground-'circuit connected' to 'said Vline at said switch and includingk a normally inoperated relay and a second potential source in series, each of said boxes comprising `a pair of contacts serially connected in said line,- means for opening and closing said contacts to form' an impulse, said means being arranged to group said impuses to form amulti-digit code signal, an auxiliary contact loperated by said .95

means into contactvvith one of said pair of contacts when 'said pair of Ycontacts are opened thereby, means for operating said contact opening and closing means a plurality of times each'time the box is `pulled,a`100 ground connection at each box, means operated by said operating mean's'during apart oi. said plurality of operations for extend-f ing said ground connection to said auxiliary contact .to cause it to superimpose ground 7105 pulseson said line, said pulses completing the circuit of said inoperated relayto operate the same, means including said'switch `for opening said lline circuit and grounding said normally operated relay to cause' said-'i110 ground pulses to complete a circuit for and to operate the same,-and a recorder operated by said relays to recordsaid signals.

8. In anr alarm system, the combination With a closed line circuit, a plurality of .boxes on the line circuit, spring sets in the boxes having contacts serially in the line and arranged to open and close said line and having'other contacts normally disengaged from said line circuit, Vmeans for operating saidff` contacts to open said serial contacts and to engage vsaid normally disengaged contacts with the line circuit, and means for actuating said contact operating means through a plurality of complete signal sending'operationsr 125 When the box'is pulled, of asecond set of springs in each box, means operated when the box is pulled for actuating said second Vset of Vspri-iigs during the irst part of said plurality of operations ofsaidcontactop-1130 erating means to short circuit said serially connected contacts and to extend a ground circuit to said normally disengaged contacts` in said spring set to close said ground circuit to the line circuit during the interval that the normally disengaged contacts are engaged therewith7 and grounded means actuated over said superimposed ground circuit to record the signals transmitted during the first part of said plurality of operations.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 27th day of December, 1928.

MICHAEL HANLEY.

liliV 

